ABSTRACT
Forms are extremely important in concrete construction. They mold the concrete to the required size and shape while controlling its position and alignment (Figure 7.1). Forms are self-supporting structures that are also sufficient to hold the dead load of the reinforcement and fresh concrete and the live load of equipment, workers, and miscellaneous materials (Figure 7.2). In building and designing formwork, three major objectives must be considered:
1. Quality-Forms must be designed and built with sufficient stiffness and accuracy so the size, shape, position, and finish of the cast concrete are attained within the required tolerances.
