ABSTRACT
Concrete differs from other construction materials in that it can be made from an infinite combination of suitable materials, and its final properties depend on the treatment it undergoes after it arrives at the job site. The efficiency of the consolidation and the effectiveness of curing procedures are critical for attaining the full potential of a concrete mixture. Although concrete is known for its durability, it is susceptible to a range of environmental degradation factors that can limit its service life. There has always been a need for test methods to measure the in-place properties of concrete for quality assurance and for evaluation of existing conditions. Ideally, these methods should be nondestructive so they do not impair the function of the structure and also permit retesting at the same locations to evaluate changes in properties with time.
