ABSTRACT
Environmental restoration is celebrating its 30th anniversary worldwide, in recognition of the enactment of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in the US in 1976. Macroengineering represents the assumption of management control over environmental site restoration by developing an integrated plan for site and waste characterization and risk assessment based on planned future use. From a management perspective, there are three types of environmental risks: the technical risk, the perceived risk by the public and the regulatory risk relative to past, current, and future standards and positions. Perceived risk reflects the public attitude. The focus of macroengineering is not limited to overall environmental management goal setting, but includes establishing detailed technical planning, regulatory documentation, and cost estimation protocols to ensure the desired results are achieved. Environmental restoration risk management requires integrating risk management analysis with the key business management processes of the organization.
