ABSTRACT
The macroengineering approach must provide sufficient detail to inform and define targets so that approaches and techniques, facilities, equipment, equipment modifications, and technology development opportunities can be identified and selected. This chapter analyses a physical conditions baseline, or benchmark, for relative comparison of subsequent and more detailed studies, and serve as a planning tool for decision makers and the public. Clean closure offers an option to cease operation of the solid waste management unit on the ground that there has been no observation of release from the unit. The stakes relative to national resource damage (NRD) claims are extremely high. Companies associated with long-term aquatic sediment contamination may be most vulnerable to NRD claims. If the site is a potential target of an NRD claim, a site natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) model should be developed to assess whether the NRD issues are appropriately addressed during the remediation phase at the particular site through cost-effective mitigation measures.
