ABSTRACT
Cl Cl CASRN: 10061-01-5; DOT: 2047 (isomeric mixture); DOT label: Flammable liquid; molecular formula: C3H4Cl2; FW: 110.97; RTECS: UC8325000; Merck Index: 12, 3125 (mixed isomers) Physical state, color, and odor: Clear, colorless to amber-colored liquid with a pungent and irritating, chloroform-like odor. Evaporates quickly when spilled. The average least detectable odor threshold concentration in water at 60 °C for mixed isomers of 1,3-dichloropropylene was 0.12 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982). Melting point (°C): -84 (isomeric mixture, quoted, Krijgsheld and van der Gen, 1986) Boiling point (°C): 104.3 (quoted, Horvath, 1982) Density (g/cm3 at 20 °C): 1.224 (Melnikov, 1971) 1.217 (quoted, Horvath, 1982) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.94 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Flash point (isomeric mixture, °C): 35 (NFPA, 1984); 25 (Abel closed cup, Worthing and Hance, 1991) Lower explosive limit (%): 5.3 (isomeric mixture, NFPA, 1984) Upper explosive limit (%): 14.5 (isomeric mixture, NFPA, 1984) Henry’s law constant (x 10-3 atm⋅m3/mol): 1.3 (Pankow and Rosen, 1988) 1.23 at 20 °C, 2.77 at 40 °C (static headspace-GC, Kim et al., 2003) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: 1.36 (Kenaga, 1980a) 1.38 (average using 3 soils and computed from vapor-phase sorption) (Leistra, 1970) 1.77 (Chualar clay loam), 1.78 (Arlington sandy loam), 1.67 (Mocho silty clay loam), 1.27
(Pahokee muck), 1.70 (manure) (Kim et al., 2003) Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 1.41 (quoted, Krijgsheld and van der Gen, 1986)
Miscible with acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, heptane, methanol (Worthing and Hance, 1991), methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene. Solubility in water (mg/L): 2,700 at 20 °C (Dilling, 1977) 911.2 at 30 °C (vapor equilibrium-GC, McNally and Grob, 1984) 1,071.0 at 30 °C (vapor equilibrium-GC, McNally and Grob, 1983) Vapor density: 4.54 g/L at 25 °C, 3.83 (air = 1) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 43 at 25 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) 111.6 at 50 °C, 687.8 at 100 °C (Wilding et al., 2002) Environmental fate: Biological. cis-1,3-Dichloropropylene was reported to hydrolyze to 3-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and can be biologically oxidized to 3-chloropropenoic acid, which is oxidized to formylacetic acid. Decarboxylation of this compound yields carbon dioxide (Connors et al., 1990). Similar results were reported by Poelarens et al. (1998). These investigators reported that the bacterium Pseudomonas cichorii 170, isolated from soil treated with 1,3-dichloropropylene, utilized this compound as a sole carbon and energy source. The isomeric mixture showed significant degradation with gradual adaptation in a static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 85 and 84, respectively. Ten d into the incubation study, 7 to 19% was lost due to volatilization (Tabak et al., 1981). Soil. Hydrolyzes in wet soil forming cis-3-chloroallyl alcohol (Castro and Belser, 1966). Chemical/Physical. Hydrolysis in distilled water at 25 °C produced cis-3-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and HCl. The reported half-life for this reaction is 1 d (Milano et al., 1988; Kollig, 1993). Kim et al. (2003) reported that the disappearance of cis-1,3-dichloropropylene in water followed a firstorder decay model. At 25 and 35 °C, the first-order rate constants were 0.077 and 0.286/d, respectively. The corresponding hydrolysis half-lives were 9.0 and 2.4 d, respectively. Chloroacetaldehyde, formyl chloride, and chloroacetic acid were formed from the ozonation of dichloropropylene at approximately 23 °C and 730 mmHg. Chloroacetaldehyde and formyl chloride also formed from the reaction of dichloropropylene and OH radicals (Tuazon et al., 1984). The volatilization half-life of cis-1,3-dichloropropylene (1 mg/L) from water at 25 °C using a shallow-pitch propeller stirrer at 200 rpm at an average depth of 6.5 cm was 29.6 min (Dilling, 1977). At influent concentrations of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg/L, the adsorption capacities of 1,2dichloropropylene (mixed isomers) onto GAC were 8.2, 2.8, 0.97, and 0.33 mg/g, respectively (Dobbs and Cohen, 1980). Emits chlorinated acids when incinerated. Incomplete combustion may release toxic phosgene (Sittig, 1985). Reacts with sodium and potassium permanganates (oxidizing agents) yielding carbon dioxide, water, and chloride ions. Incompatible with other strong oxidizing agents (e.g., ozone), aluminum and its alloys. Exposure limits: ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm for cis and trans isomers (adopted).
