ABSTRACT
NO2 CASRN: 51-28-5; DOT: 0076; DOT label: Poison; molecular formula: C6H4N2O5; FW: 184.11; RTECS: SL2800000; Merck Index: 12, 3333 Physical state, color, and odor: Yellow crystals with a sweet, musty odor Melting point (°C): 115-116 (Weast, 1986) 106-108 (Acros Organics, 2002) 111-113 (Fluka, 1988) Boiling point (°C): Sublimes (Weast, 1986) Density (g/cm3): 1.683 at 24 °C (Weast, 1986) 1.68 at 20 °C (Weiss, 1986) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.76 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Dissociation constant, pKa: 4.09 at 25 °C (Dean, 1973) 3.94 at 21.5 °C (Schwarzenbach et al., 1988) Entropy of fusion (cal/mol⋅K): 14.89 (Poeti et al., 1982) Henry’s law constant (atm⋅m3/mol): 5.70 x 10-8 at 5 °C (average derived from six field experiments, Lüttke and Levsen, 1997) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: Kd >9,000 mL/g on a Cs+-kaolinite (Haderlein and Schwarzenbach, 1993) 1.25 (estimated, Montgomery, 1989) Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 1.53 at 22 °C (shake flask, Brecken-Folse et al., 1994) 1.50 (shake flask-UV spectrophotometry, Stockdale and Selwyn, 1971) 1.56 at 20 °C and pH 2 (shake flask-UV spectrophotometry, Korenman et al., 1977)
1.55 at 25 °C and pH 2 (shake flask-UV spectrophotometry, Terada et al., 1981) Solubility in organics: At 15 °C (wt %): 13.46 in ethyl acetate, 26.42 in acetone, 5.11 in chloroform, 16.72 in pyridine, 0.42 in carbon tetrachloride, 5.98 in toluene (Windholz et al., 1983); 30.5 g/L in alcohol (Meites, 1963). Solubility in water: 5,600 mg/L at 18 °C, 43,000 mg/L at 100 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) 415, 691, and 975 mg/L at 15.1, 25.0, and 35.0 °C, respectively (shake flask-conductimetry,
Achard et al., 1996) In mg/L at pH 1.5: 172 at 5 °C, 207 at 10 °C, 335 at 20 °C, 473 at 30 °C (Schwarzenbach et al.,
1988) 3.46 mM at 25 °C (Caturla et al., 1988) In wt %: 0.137 at 54.5 °C, 0.301 at 75.8 °C, 0.587 at 87.4 °C, 1.22 at 96.2 °C (quoted, Windholz et
al., 1983) 202 mg/L at 12.5 °C (quoted, Meites, 1963) Vapor pressure (x 10-5 mmHg): 39 at 20 °C (Schwarzenbach et al., 1988) Environmental fate: Biological. When 2,4-dinitrophenol was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, significant biodegradation with rapid adaptation was observed. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, 60 and 68% biodegradation, respectively, were observed after 7 d (Tabak et al., 1981). In activated sludge inoculum, 85.0% COD removal was achieved. The average rate of biodegradation was 6.0 mg COD/g⋅h (Pitter, 1976). Conversely, 2,4-dinitrophenol did not degrade when inoculated with 1 mL of an enrichment culture isolated from alluvial and pokkali soils (5-day-old cultures of Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 and Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 29353) (Sudhaker-Barik and Sethunathan, 1978a). Photolytic. When an aqueous 2,4-dinitrophenol solution containing titanium dioxide was illuminated by UV light, ammonium, carbonate, and nitrate ions formed as the major products (Low et al., 1991). Chemical/Physical. Ozonation of an aqueous solution containing 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 mg/L) yielded formic, acetic, glyoxylic and oxalic acids (Wang, 1990). 2,4-Dinitrophenol will not undergo hydrolysis (Kollig, 1993). In an aqueous solution (initial pH 5.0), 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 µM) reacted with Fenton’s reagent (35 µM). After 13-min and 3-h, about 50 and 90% of the 2,4-dinitrophenol was destroyed, respectively. After 7 h, no aromatic oxidation products were detected. The pH of the solution decreased due to the formation of nitric acid (Lipczynska-Kochany, 1991). At influent concentrations (pH 3.0) of 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/L, the GAC adsorption capacities were 380, 160, 69, and 29 mg/g, respectively. At pH 5.2 and pH 9.0 at influent concentrations of 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/L, the GAC adsorption capacities were 140, 33, 8.0, and 1.9 mg/g and 73, 41, 23, and 13 mg/g, respectively (Dobbs and Cohen, 1980). Symptoms of exposure: Heavy sweating, nausea, vomiting, collapse, and death (Patnaik, 1992) Toxicity: LC50 (contact) for earthworm (Eisenia fetida) 0.6 µg/cm2 (Neuhauser et al., 1985).
