ABSTRACT
Under laboratory conditions, the evaporation half-life of hexachloroethane (1 mg/L) from water at 25 °C using a shallow-pitch propeller stirrer at 200 rpm at an average depth of 6.5 cm was 40.7 min (Dilling, 1977). At influent concentrations of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg/L, the GAC adsorption capacities were 97, 41, 17, and 7.2 mg/g, respectively (Dobbs and Cohen, 1980). Exposure limits: Potential occupational carcinogen. NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), IDLH 300 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 1 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm (adopted). Symptoms of exposure: Vapors may cause irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes (Patnaik, 1992). Toxicity: EC50 (48-h) for Ceriodaphnia dubia 4.3 mg/L (Bitton et al., 1996), first instar Daphnia pulex 13 mg/L (Elnabarawy et al., 1986), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 1.66 mg/L (Hsieh et al., 2006). LC50 (contact) for earthworm (Eisenia fetida) 19 µg/cm2 (Neuhauser et al., 1985). LC50 (96-h) for Pimephales promelas 1.5 mg/L (Veith et al., 1983), bluegill sunfish 0.98 mg/L (Spehar et al., 1982), Cyprinodon variegatus 2.4 ppm using natural seawater (Heitmuller et al., 1981). LC50 (72-h) for Cyprinodon variegatus 2.4 ppm (Heitmuller et al., 1981). LC50 (48-h) for Daphnia magna 8.1 mg/L (LeBlanc, 1980), Cyprinodon variegatus 2.8 ppm (Heitmuller et al., 1981). LC50 (24-h) for Daphnia magna 26 mg/L (LeBlanc, 1980), Cyprinodon variegatus 3.1 ppm (Heitmuller et al., 1981). Acute oral LD50 for rats 4,460 mg/kg, guinea pigs 4,970 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). Heitmuller et al. (1981) reported a NOEC of 1.0 ppm. Drinking water standard: No MCLGs or MCLs have been proposed although hexachloroethane has been listed for regulation (U.S. EPA, 1996). A DWEL of 40 µg/L was recommended (U.S. EPA, 2000). Uses: Plasticizer for cellulose resins; moth repellant; camphor substitute in cellulose solvent; manufacturing of smoke candles and explosives; rubber vulcanization accelerator; insecticide; refining aluminum alloys.
