ABSTRACT
CH3 CH3 Note: Stabilized with 5 to 10 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (Acros Organics, 2002) to prevent formation of explosive peroxides. CASRN: 108-20-3; DOT: 1159; DOT label: Flammable liquid; molecular formula: C6H14O; FW: 102.18; RTECS: TZ5425000; Merck Index: 12, 5231 Physical state, color, and odor: Clear, colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a penetrating, sweet, ether-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 70 µg/m3 (17 ppbv) and 220 µg/m3 (53 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Melting point (°C): -85.9 (Weast, 1986) Boiling point (°C): 68.52 (Fuangfoo et al., 1999) Density (g/cm3): 0.7241 at 20 °C (Weast, 1986) 0.7388 at 5.00 °C, 0.7182 at 25.00 °C, 0.6913 at 50.00 °C (750 mmHg, Ulbig et al., 1998) 0.71852 at 25.00 °C (Fuangfoo et al., 1999) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.72 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Flash point (°C): -28 (NIOSH, 1997) -9 (open cup, Windholz et al., 1983) Lower explosive limit (%): 1.4 (NIOSH, 1997) Upper explosive limit (%): 7.9 (NIOSH, 1997) Heat of fusion (kcal/mol): 2.876 (quoted, Riddick et al., 1986) Henry’s law constant (x 10-3 atm⋅m3/mol): 2.26 at 23 °C (headspace-GC, Miller and Stuart, 2000) 2.04 at 25 °C (Nielsen et al., 1994) 2.57 at 25 °C (headspace-GC, Arp and Schmidt, 2004) Interfacial tension with water (dyn/cm): 17.9 at 20 °C (Donahue and Bartell, 1952)
9.20 (Franklin et al., 1969) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: Unavailable because experimental methods for estimation of this parameter for aliphatic ethers are lacking in the documented literature Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 1.52 (shake flask-GC, Funasaki et al., 1985) Solubility in organics: Miscible with alcohol and ether (Windholz et al., 1983) Solubility in water: 0.02 mol/L at 25 °C (Hine and Weimar, 1965) 1.59 x 10-3 at 25 °C (mole fraction, inert gas stripping-GC, Li et al., 1993) In wt %: 2.28 at 0 °C, 1.02 at 9.7 °C, 0.79 at 20.0 °C, 0.54 at 31.0 °C, 0.41 at 40.8 °C, 0.28 at 50.7
°C, 0.22 at 61.0 °C (shake flask-GC, Stephenson, 1992) Vapor density: 4.18 g/L at 25 °C, 3.53 (air = 1) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 56.8 at 5.00 °C, 73.5 at 10.00 °C, 94.0 at 15.00 °C, 118.9 at 20.00 °C, 1149.3 at 25.00 °C, 185.2 at
30.00 °C, 227.8 at 35.00 °C, 278.2 at 40.00 °C, 337.0 at 45.00 °C, 405.3 at 50.00 °C (Garriga et al., 1999)
Environmental fate: Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.19 and 1.75 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C and stirred for a period of 5 d. The ThOD for isopropyl ether is 2.82 g/g. Chemical/Physical. May form explosive peroxides on standing with air (NIOSH, 1997). At an influent concentration of 1,018 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 203 mg/L. The adsorbability of the GAC used was 162 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974). Isopropyl will not hydrolyze in water except at elevated temperatures and low pH. Exposure limits: NIOSH REL: TWA 500 ppm (2,100 mg/m3), IDLH 1,400 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 250 ppm. Symptoms of exposure: Narcotic and irritant to skin and mucous membranes. Exposure to high concentrations may cause intoxication, respiratory arrest, and death (Patnaik, 1992). Toxicity: LC50 (96-h) for Pimephales promelas 900 mg/L (Broderius and Kahl, 1985). Acute oral LD50 for rats 8,470 mg/kg; LD50 (inhalation) for mice 131 gm/m3, rats 162 gm/m3 (quoted, RTECS, 1985). Source: Some unleaded gasoline may contain isopropyl ether and other oxygenates as an octane booster and to prevent engine knock.
