ABSTRACT
CASRN: 79-34-5; DOT: 1702; DOT label: Poison; molecular formula: C2H2Cl4; FW: 167.85; RTECS: KI8575000; Merck Index: 12, 9331 Physical state, color, and odor: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 50 mg/m3 (7.3 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). Melting point (°C): -36 (Weast, 1986) Boiling point (°C): 146.2 (Weast, 1986) 146.1 (Krishnaiah and Surendranath, 1996) Density (g/cm3): 1.60255 at 15 °C (quoted, Standen, 1964) 1.5953 at 20 °C (Weast, 1986) 1.5687 at 25.00 °C (Vijaya Kumar et al., 1996) 1.57857 at 30.00 °C (Krishnaiah and Surendranath, 1996) 1.5745 at 35.00 °C, 1.5642 at 45.00 °C (Sastry et al., 1999) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.86 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Flash point (°C): Noncombustible liquid (NIOSH, 1997) Henry’s law constant (x 10-4 atm⋅m3/mol): 3.8 (Pankow and Rosen, 1988) 3.99 at 20.0 °C, 5.64 at 30.0 °C, 11.9 at 40.0 °C (equilibrium static cell, Wright et al., 1992) 7.1 at 37 °C (Sato and Nakajima, 1979) 3.69 at 25.0 °C (mole fraction ratio-GC, Leighton and Calo, 1981) 3.3, 2.0, 7.3, 2.5, and 7.0 at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively (EPICS, Ashworth et al., 1988) 3, 5, 6, and 9 at 20, 30, 35, and 40 °C, respectively (Tse et al., 1992) 3.40 at 20.00 °C (inert gas stripping, Hovorka and Dohnal, 1997) 6.22 at 30 °C (headspace-GC, Sanz et al., 1997) Ionization potential (eV): 11.10 (Rosenstock et al., 1998) Bioconcentration factor, log BCF: 0.90 (bluegill sunfish, Veith et al., 1980)
oc 1.90 (Willamette silt loam, Chiou et al., 1979) Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 2.56 (quoted, Mills et al., 1985) 2.39 at 23 °C (shake flask-LSC, Banerjee et al., 1980) Solubility in organics: Soluble in acetone, ethanol, ether, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, carbon disulfide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and oils (U.S. EPA, 1985). Miscible with alcohol and chloroform (Meites, 1963). Solubility in water: 2,970 mg/L at 25 °C (shake flask-LSC, Banerjee et al., 1980) 3,230 mg/L at 20 °C (Chiou et al., 1979) 2,900 mg/kg at 25 °C (McGovern, 1943) In mg/kg: 2,588 at 10 °C, 2,526 at 20 °C, 2,131 at 30 °C (shake flask-GC, Howe et al., 1987) 0.29 mass % at 20 °C (Konietzko, 1984) 0.296 wt % at 23.5 °C (elution chromatography, Schwarz, 1980) 0.372, 0.385, and 0.367 wt % at 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 °C, respectively (Schwarz and Miller, 1980) 2,962 mg/L at 25 °C (quoted, Howard, 1990) 2,915 mg/L at 30 °C (vapor equilibrium-GC, McNally and Grob, 1984) In wt %: 0.317 at 0 °C, 0.290 at 9.5 °C, 0.291 at 20.0 °C, 0.292 at 29.7 °C, 0.301 at 39.6 °C, 0.316
at 50.1 °C, 0.357 at 61.0 °C, 0.385 at 70.5 °C, 0.425 at 80.6 °C, 0.474 at 90.8 °C (shake flaskGC, Stephenson, 1992)
Vapor density: 5 kg/m3 at the boiling point (Konietzko, 1984) 6.86 g/L at 25 °C, 5.79 (air = 1) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 5 at 20 °C, 8.5 at 30 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) 6.5 at 25 °C (quoted, Mackay et al., 1982) Environmental fate: Biological. Monodechlorination by microbes under laboratory conditions produced 1,1,2trichloroethane (Smith and Dragun, 1984). In a static-culture-flask screening test, 1,1,2,2tetrachloroethane (5 and 10 mg/L) was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum. No significant degradation was observed after 28 d of incubation (Tabak et al., 1981). Chemical/Physical. In an aqueous solution containing 0.100 M phosphate-buffered distilled water, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was abiotically transformed to 1,1,2-trichloroethane. This reaction was investigated within a temperature range of 30 to 95 °C at various pHs (5 to 9) (Cooper et al., 1987). Abiotic dehydrohalogenation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane yielded trichloroethylene (Vogel et al., 1987) and HCl (Kollig, 1993). The half-life for this reaction at 20 °C was reported to be 0.8 yr (Vogel et al., 1987). Under alkaline conditions, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane dehydrohalogenated to trichloroethylene. The reported hydrolysis half-life of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 146 d (Jeffers et al., 1989). The evaporation half-life of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1 mg/L) from water at 25 °C using a shallow-pitch propeller stirrer at 200 rpm at an average depth of 6.5 cm was 55.2 min (Dilling, 1977).
