ABSTRACT
Dewulf et al., 1999) Ionization potential (eV): 9.18, 9.22 (Lias et al., 1998) Bioconcentration factor, log BCF: 2.90, 3.28 (Poecilia reticulata), 3.08 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Devillers et al., 1996) 4.11 (Poecilia reticulata, Könemann and van Leeuwen, 1980) 4.54 (Atlantic croakers), 4.77 (blue crabs), 3.13 (spotted sea trout), 4.49 (blue catfish) (Pereira et
2.63 (wet weight based), 0.08 (lipid based) (Gambusia affinis, Chaisuksant et al., 1997) 2.94 (pond snail, Legierse et al., 1998) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: 3.24 (average for 5 soils, Kishi et al., 1990) 3.95 (Lake Oostvaarders plassen sediment, Ter Laak et al., 2005) 3.97, 4.19, 5.09 (Paya-Perez et al., 1991) 3.81 (lake sediment, Schrap et al., 1994) 4.07 (Lake Oostvaarders plassen), 3.54 (Ransdorperdie), 3.62 (Noordzeekanaal) (Netherlands
sediments, Sijm et al., 1997) 3.35 (sandy soil), 3.38 (sand), 3.36 (peaty sand) (Van Gestel and Ma, 1993) Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 4.00 (shake flask-HPLC, Kishi and Hashimoto, 1989) 4.05 at 25 °C (shake flask-GC, Watarai et al., 1982) 4.02 (estimated from RP-HPLC capacity factors, McDuffie, 1981) 4.11 at 22 °C (shake flask-GC, Könemann et al., 1979) 4.04 (generator column-GC, Miller et al., 1984; generator column, Doucette and Andren, 1988) 4.14 (Chiou, 1985; shake flask-GC, Pereira et al., 1988) 4.27 (Leo et al., 1981) Solubility in organics: Soluble in benzene and ether (Weast, 1986) Solubility in water: 67.6 µmol/L at 25 °C (generator column-GC, Miller et al., 1984) 13 mg/L at 25 °C (shake flask-GC, Boyd et al., 1998) 18.0 mg/L at 25 °C (shake flask-HPLC, Banerjee, 1984; Chiou et al., 1986) 174 µmol/L at 25 °C (shake flask-UV spectrophotometry, Yalkowsky et al., 1979) 7.66, 19.31, and 45.61 mg/L at 4, 25, and 50 °C, respectively (generator column-GC, Shiu et al.,
1997) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 2.1 at 25 °C (Banerjee et al., 1990) 0.14 at 25 °C (extrapolated from vapor pressures determined at higher temperatures, Tesconi and
Yalkowsky, 1998) Environmental fate: Biological. Under aerobic conditions, soil microbes are capable of degrading 1,2,3trichlorobenzene to 1,2-and 1,3-dichlorobenzene and carbon dioxide (Kobayashi and Rittman, 1982). A mixed culture of soil bacteria or a Pseudomonas sp. transformed 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene to 2,3,4-, 3,4,5-, and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol (Ballschiter and Scholz, 1980). In an enrichment culture derived from a contaminated site in Bayou d’Inde, LA, 1,2,3trichlorobenzene underwent reductive dechlorination to 1,2-and 1,3-dichlorobenzene at relative molar yields of 1 and 99%, respectively. The maximum dechlorination rate, based on the recommended Michaelis-Menten model, was 60 nM/d (Pavlostathis and Prytula, 2000). Photolytic. The sunlight irradiation of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (20 g) in a 100-mL borosilicate glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask for 56 d yielded 32 ppm pentachlorobiphenyl (Uyeta et al., 1976). When an aqueous solution containing 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and a nonionic surfactant micelle
nm monochromatic UV lamps, 1,2,4-and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene formed as photoisomerization products. Continued irradiation of the solution would yield 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, benzene, phenol, hydrogen, and chloride ions. The photodecomposition half-life for this reaction, based on the first-order photodecomposition rate of 1.10 x 10-3/sec, is 10.5 min (Chu and Jafvert, 1994). Chemical/Physical. At 70.0 °C and pH values of 3.07, 7.13, and 9.80, the hydrolysis half-lives were calculated to be 19.2, 15.0, and 34.4 d, respectively (Ellington et al., 1986). Emits toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition. Toxicity: Concentrations that reduce the fertility of Daphnia magna in 2 wk for 50% (EC50) and 16% (EC16) of the population are 0.20 and 0.08 mg/L, respectively (Calamari et al., 1983). An EC50 value 540 nmol/L for growth rate reduction was determined for mosquito fish (Chaisuksant et al., 1994). EC50 (96-h) and EC50 (3-h) concentrations that inhibit the growth of 50% of Selenastrum capricornutum population are 0.9 and 2.2 mg/L, respectively (Calamari et al., 1983). EC50 (48-h) for Daphnia magna 390 µg/L (Marchini et al., 1999), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 1.15 mg/L (Hsieh et al., 2006). IC50 (24-h) for Daphnia magna 0.35 mg/L (Calamari et al., 1983). LC50 (14-d) for Poecilia reticulata 2.3 mg/L (Könemann, 1981). LC50 (96-h) for mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) 12.1 µmol/L (Chaisuksant et al., 1998). LC50 (48-h) for Salmo gairdneri 0.71 mg/L, Brachydanio rerio 3.1 mg/L (Calamari et al., 1983). LC50 2,177 to 3,084 µg/L (soil porewater concentration) for earthworm (Eisenia andrei) and 2,540 to 3,084 µg/L (soil porewater concentration) for earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) (Van Gestel and Ma, 1993). Uses: The isomeric mixture is used to control termites; organic synthesis.
