ABSTRACT
CASRN: 88-06-2; DOT: 2020; molecular formula: C6H3Cl3O; FW: 197.45; RTECS: SN1575000; Merck Index: 12, 9773 Physical state, color, and odor: Colorless needles or yellow solid with a strong, phenolic, musty or rotten vegetable-type odor. At 40 °C, the lowest concentration at which an odor was detected was 380 µg/L. At 25 °C, the lowest concentration at which a taste was detected was >12 µg/L (Young et al., 1996). Melting point (°C): 69.5 (Weast, 1986) Boiling point (°C): 246 (Weast, 1986) Density (g/cm3): 1.4901 at 75 °C (Weast, 1986) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.62 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Dissociation constant, pKa: 6.15 (Leuenberger et al., 1985) 6.10 (Blackman et al., 1955) 6.0 (Eder and Weber, 1980) Henry’s law constant (x 10-8 atm⋅m3/mol): 9.07 at 25 °C (estimated, Leuenberger et al., 1985a) Bioconcentration factor, log BCF: 1.71 (Chlorella fusca, Geyer et al., 1981, 1984) 2.75, 2.84 (Atlantic salmon, Carlberg et al., 1986) 3.48 (snail, Virtanen and Hattula, 1982) 1.78 (activated sludge), 2.49 (golden ide) (Freitag et al., 1985) 1.94 (Jordanella floridae, Devillers et al., 1996) 1.60 (mussel, Geyer et al., 1982) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: 3.05, 3.27 (Robinson and Novak, 1994) 1.72 (river sediment, Eder and Weber, 1980) >2.68, 2.74 (forest soil), 1.96 (agricultural soil) (Seip et al., 1986) 2.81 at pH 3, 2.57 at pH 5.5, 2.27 at pH 7 (aquatic humic sorbent, Peuravuori et al., 2002)
ow 2.80 (Geyer et al., 1982) 3.72 (Schellenberg et al., 1984; Leuenberger et al., 1985) 3.69 (quoted, Leo et al., 1971) 3.67 (Kishino and Kobayashi, 1994) Solubility in organics: Soluble in ethanol and ether (Weast, 1986) Solubility in water: 420 mg/L at 20-25 °C (Geyer et al., 1982) 900 mg/L at 20-25 °C (Kilzer et al., 1979) 410, 427, 692, and 928 mg/L at 19.5, 20.1, 24.9, and 30.0 °C, respectively (shake flask-
conductimetry, Achard et al., 1996) 434 mg/L at 20 °C (Blackman et al., 1955) In mg/L at 25 °C: 381 (pH 3.18), 410 (pH 3.29), 407 (pH 3.40), 387 (pH 3.55), 459 (pH 3.74), 503
(pH 5.32), 1,780 (pH 6.69), 4,020 (pH 7.04), 5,170 (pH 7.15), 8,750 (pH 7.37), 12,500 (pH 7.55), 15,000 (pH 7.60), 18,200 (pH 7.76), 112,000 (pH 8.53), 126,000 (pH 8.62), 171,000 (pH 8.99), 176,000 (pH 10.23), 183,000 (pH 11.52) (Huang et al., 2000)
In mmol/kg solution: 1.8 at 17.7 °C, 2.1 at 19.6 °C, 2.2 at 20.1 °C, 2.5 at 21.7 °C, 2.6 at 22.1 °C, 3.2 at 24.5 °C, 4.0 at 27.4 °C, 4.5 at 29.0 °C, 4.6 at 29.2 °C, 4.7 at 30.5 °C, 4.8 at 31.4 °C, 5.1 at 34.3 °C, 5.2 at 35.4 °C, 5.3 at 36.3 °C, 5.5 at 38.2 °C, 5.8 at 40.5 °C, 5.9 at 41.4 °C, 6.0 at 42.1 °C, 6.2 at 44.0 °C, 6.6 at 45.8 °C, 6.7 at 47.7 °C, 7.0 at 49.8 °C, and 7.6 53.8 °C (light transmission technique, Jaoui et al., 2002)
Vapor pressure (x 10-3 mmHg): 8.4 at 24 °C (quoted, Howard, 1989) 2.5 at 8 °C, 17 at 25 °C (quoted, Leuenberger et al., 1985a) At 25.00 °C: 24.3 (solid), 25.8 (supercooled liquid) (Lei et al., 1999a) Environmental fate: Biological. In activated sludge, only 0.3% mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 d (Freitag et al., 1985). In anaerobic sludge, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degraded to 4-chlorophenol (Mikesell and Boyd, 1985). When 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, significant biodegradation with rapid adaptation was observed. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, 96 and 97% biodegradation, respectively, were observed after 7 d (Tabak et al., 1981). Photolytic. Titanium dioxide suspended in an aqueous solution and irradiated with UV light (λ = 365 nm) converted 2,4,6-trinitrophenol to carbon dioxide at a significant rate (Matthews, 1986). A carbon dioxide yield of 65.8% was achieved when 2,4,6-trichlorophenol adsorbed on silica gel was irradiated with light (λ >290 nm) for 17 h (Freitag et al., 1985). Scully and Hoigné (1987) reported a half-life of 62 h for the reaction of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and singlet oxygen in water at 19 °C and pH 8. They reported the following rate constants: 2 x 106/M⋅sec at p x 107/M⋅sec at pH 7, and 1.2 x 108/M⋅sec at pH 9. Tratnyek and Hoigné (1991) reported a rate constant of 1.7 x 107/M⋅sec for the same reaction in an aqueous phosphate buffer solution at 27 °C. A photooxidation rate constant of <10,000/M⋅sec was reported for the reaction of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and ozone in water at a pH range of 1.3 to 1.5 (Hoigné and Bader, 1983). 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in aqueous solution was illuminated with filtered xenon light (λ >295 nm) at various time intervals. The first-order conversion rate constant was 1.14 x 10-4/sec. It appeared during the reaction that one to two chlorine atoms were lost forming dichloro-and monochlorophenols (Svenson and Kaj, 1989).
