ABSTRACT
CASRN: 96-18-4; molecular formula: C3H5Cl3; FW: 147.43; RTECS: TZ9275000 Physical state, color, and odor: Clear, colorless liquid with a strong, chloroform-like odor Melting point (°C): -14.7 (Weast, 1986) Boiling point (°C): 156.8 (Weast, 1986) Density (g/cm3): 1.3889 at 20 °C (quoted, Horvath, 1982) 1.417 at 15 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.85 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Flash point (°C): 71.7 (NIOSH, 1997) 82.2 (open cup, Hawley, 1981) Lower explosive limit (%): 3.2 at 121 °C (NIOSH, 1997) Upper explosive limit (%): 12.6 at 151 °C (NIOSH, 1997) Henry’s law constant (x 10-5 atm⋅m3/mol): 9.79 at 25 °C (purge and trap-GC, Tancréde and Yanagisawa, 1990) 34.5 at 25.0 °C (mole fraction ratio-GC, Leighton and Calo, 1981) Interfacial tension with water (dyn/cm at 20 °C): 38.50 (Demond and Lindner, 1993) Solubility in organics: Soluble in alcohol and ether (Weast, 1986); miscible with propyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. Solubility in water: 1,900 mg/L (Afghan and Mackay, 1980; Dilling, 1977) Vapor density: 6.03 g/L at 25 °C, 5.09 (air = 1)
2 at 20 °C, 4 at 30 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) 3.1 at 25 °C (Banerjee et al., 1990) Environmental fate: Chemical/Physical. The hydrolysis rate constant for 1,2,3-trichloropropane at pH 7 and 25 °C was determined to be 1.8 x 10-6/h, resulting in a half-life of 43.9 yr (Ellington et al., 1988). The hydrolysis half-lives decrease at varying pHs and temperature. At 87 °C, the hydrolysis half-lives at pH values of 3.07, 7.12, and 9.71 were 21.1, 11.6, and 0.03 d, respectively (Ellington et al., 1986). By analogy to 1,2-dibromo-2-chloropropane, the following hydrolysis products would be formed: 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, 2,3-dichloropropene, epichlorohydrin, 1-chloro-2,3dihydroxypropane, glycerol, 1-hydroxy-2,3-propylene oxide, 2-chloro-3-hydroxypropene, and HCl (Kollig, 1993). The volatilization half-life of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1 mg/L) from water at 25 °C using a shallow-pitch propeller stirrer at 200 rpm at an average depth of 6.5 cm was 56.1 min (Dilling, 1977). Exposure limits: Potential occupational carcinogen. NIOSH REL: TWA 10 ppm (60 mg/m3), IDLH 100 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 50 ppm (300 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm (adopted). Symptoms of exposure: Inhalation of vapors may cause depression of central nervous system, narcosis, and convulsions (Patnaik, 1992). An irritation concentration of 300.00 mg/m3 in air was reported by Ruth (1986). Toxicity: LC50 (7-d) for Poecilia reticulata 41.6 mg/L (Könemann, 1981). Acute oral LD50 for rats 320 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). LC50 (inhalation) for mice 3,400 mg/m3/2-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985). Drinking water standard: No MCLGs or MCLs have been proposed although 1,2,3trichloropropane has been listed for regulation (U.S. EPA, 1996). A DWEL of 200 µg/L was recommended (U.S. EPA, 2000). Uses: Solvent; degreaser; paint and varnish removers.
