ABSTRACT
OH CASRN: 78-92-2; DOT: 1120; DOT label: Flammable liquid; molecular formula: C4H10O; FW: 74.12; RTECS: EO1750000; Merck Index: 12, 1576 Physical state, color, and odor: Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 400 µg/m3 (120 ppbv) and 1.2 mg/m3 (410 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Melting point (°C): -114.7 (Windholz et al., 1983) Boiling point (°C): 97.90 (Vittal Prasad et al., 2001) Density (g/cm3): 0.81448 at 10.00 °C, 0.81210 at 13.00 °C, 0.81051 at 15.00 °C, 0.80810 at 18.00 °C, 0.80648 at
20.00 °C, 0.80404 at 23.00 °C (Troncoso et al., 2000) 0.81044 at 15.00 °C, 0.80206 at 25.00 °C, 0.79398 at 35.00 °C (Martinez et al., 2000a) 0.80701 at 20.00 °C (Houkhani et al., 2000) 0.80220 at 25.00 °C, 0.78959 at 30.00 °C (Gascón et al., 2000) 0.78939 at 40.00 °C (Domínguez et al., 2003) 0.79891 at 30.00 °C (Venkatesulu et al., 1996) Diffusivity in water (x 10-6 cm2/sec): 9.4 at 25 °C (Hao and Leaist, 1996) Dissociation constant, pKa: >14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993) Flash point (°C): 26.7 (open cup, Eastman, 1995) Lower explosive limit (%): 1.7 at 100 °C (NFPA, 1984) Upper explosive limit (%): 9.8 at 100 °C (NFPA, 1984) Henry’s law constant (x 10-5 atm⋅m3/mol at 25 °C): 1.03 (Butler, 1935) 0.79 (Snider and Dawson, 1985) 1.19 (static headspace-GC, Merk and Riederer, 1997)
2.1 at 25 °C (quoted, Freitas et al., 1997) Ionization potential (eV): 10.10 (NIOSH, 1997) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: Unavailable because experimental methods for estimation of this parameter for aliphatic alcohols are lacking in the documented literature Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 0.61 (shake flask-GLC, Hansch and Anderson, 1967) 0.68 at 25 °C (shake flask-GLC, Park and Park, 2000) 0.81 (Yonezawa and Urushigawa, 1979) Solubility in organics: In mole fraction at 4.5 °C: 0.360 in triethylenetetramine, 0.385 in hexamethylenediamine (Copley et al., 1941) Solubility in water (wt %): 20 at 20 °C (Palit, 1947) 22.5 at 25 °C (De Santis et al., 1976) 26.0 at 0 °C, 23.5 at 10.0 °C, 19.6 at 20.0 °C, 17.0 at 29.9 °C, 15.1 at 40.0 °C, 14.0 at 50.0 °C,
13.4 at 60.3 °C, 13.3 at 70.1 °C, 13.6 at 80.1 °C, 14.5 at 90.2 °C (shake flask-GC, Stephenson and Stuart, 1986)
Vapor density: 3.03 g/L at 25 °C, 2.56 (air = 1) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 3.8 at 5.00 °C, 5.7 at 10.00 °C, 8.4 at 15.00 °C, 12.2 at 20.00 °C, 17.3 at 25.00 °C, 24.3 at 30.00
°C, 33.3 at 35 °C, 45.4 at 40.00 °C, 60.7 at 45.00 °C, 80.4 at 50.00 °C (Garriga et al., 1997) 31 at 32.2 °C (Copley et al., 1941) 29.4 at 32.5 °C (Dejoz et al., 1996a) Environmental fate: Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 2.15 and 2.49 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. The ThOD for sec-butyl alcohol is 2.59 g/g. In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, 98.5% COD removal was achieved. The average rate of biodegradation was 55.0 mg COD/g⋅h (Pitter, 1976). Photolytic. The estimated half-life of sec-butyl alcohol for the reaction of OH radicals in air ranges from 129 d to 23 yr (Anbar and Neta, 1967). Chemical/Physical. sec-Butyl alcohol will not hydrolyze in water because it does not contain a hydrolyzable group (Kollig, 1993). Exposure limits: NIOSH REL: TWA 100 ppm (305 mg/m3), STEL 150 ppm (455 mg/m3), IDLH 2,000 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 150 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 100 ppm (adopted). Symptoms of exposure: Inhalation may cause irritation to eyes. Narcotic at high concentrations. May irritate skin on contact (Patnaik, 1992).
