ABSTRACT
S C S CASRN: 75-15-0; DOT: 1131; DOT label: Flammable liquid; molecular formula: CS2; FW: 76.13; RTECS: FF6650000; Merck Index: 12, 1859 Physical state, color, and odor: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid; ethereal odor when pure. Technical grades have strong, foul, rotten, radish-like odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) reported an odor threshold in air of 210 ppbv. Melting point (°C): -111.5 (Weast, 1986) Boiling point (°C): 47 (Hays, 1936) Density (g/cm3): 1.263 at 20.53 °C (García Baonza et al., 1993) 1.2557 at 25.00 °C (Yin et al., 1996) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 1.18 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Flash point (°C): -30 (NIOSH, 1997) Lower explosive limit (%): 1.43 (Miller and Webb, 1967) Upper explosive limit (%): 50.0 (NIOSH, 1997) Heat of fusion (kcal/mol): 1.049 (Dean, 1987) Henry’s law constant (atm⋅m3/mol): 24.25 at 24 °C (Elliott, 1989) Interfacial tension with water (dyn/cm at 25 °C): 48.36 (Harkins et al., 1920) 48.1 (Donahue and Bartell, 1952) Ionization potential (eV): 10.08 (Franklin et al., 1969) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: 1.84 (estimated, Ellington et al., 1993)
ow 1.94 (shake flask, Hansch et al., 1995) Solubility in organics: Soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ether (Weast, 1986) Solubility in water: 2,300 mg/L at 22 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) 2,200 mg/L at 22 °C (ACGIH, 1986) 2,000 mg/L at 20 °C (quoted, WHO, 1979) 0.294% at 20 °C (quoted, Windholz et al., 1983) 0.286 wt % at 25 °C (shake flask-radiometry, Lo et al., 1986) Vapor density: 3.11 g/L at 25 °C, 2.63 (air = 1) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 297 at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997) 360 at 25 °C (Lide, 1990) 430 at 30 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) 760.10 at 46.25 °C (Hajjar et al., 1969) Environmental fate: Chemical/Physical. In alkaline solutions, carbon disulfide hydrolyzes to carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide (Peyton et al., 1976) via the intermediate carbonyl sulfide (Ellington et al., 1993; Kollig, 1993). In an aqueous alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, dithiopercarbonate, sulfide, elemental sulfur, and polysulfides may be expected by-products (Elliott, 1990). In an aqueous, alkaline solution (pH ≥8), carbon disulfide reacted with hydrogen peroxide forming sulfate and carbonate ions. However, when the pH is lowered to 7 and 7.4, colloidal sulfur is formed (Adewuyi and Carmichael, 1987). Forms a hemihydrate which decomposes at -3 °C (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992). An aqueous solution containing carbon disulfide reacts with sodium hypochlorite forming carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid, and NaCl (Patnaik, 1992). Burns with a blue flame releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (Windholz et al., 1983). Oxidizes in the troposphere forming carbonyl sulfide. The atmospheric half-lives of carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide were estimated to be approximately 2 yr and 12 d, respectively (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984). Exposure limits: NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), STEL 10 ppm, IDLH 500 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 20 ppm, ceiling 30 ppm, 100 ppm peak for 30 min; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm (adopted). Symptoms of exposure: Dizziness, headache, sleeplessness, fatigue, nervousness; anorexia, weight loss; polyneuropathy, burns, dermatitis. Contact with skin causes burning pain, erythema, and exfoliation (NIOSH, 1997). Toxicity: Acute oral LD50 for rats 3,188 mg/kg, guinea pigs 2,125 mg/kg, mice 2,780 mg/kg, rabbits 2,550 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). Source: Identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var.
