ABSTRACT
CASRN: 56-23-5; DOT: 1846; DOT label: Poison; molecular formula: CCl4; FW: 153.82; RTECS: FG4900000; Merck Index: 12, 1864 Physical state, color, and odor: Clear, colorless, heavy, watery liquid with a strong, sweetish, distinctive odor resembling ether. Odor threshold concentration in air ranged from 21.4 ppm (in a sampled derived from the chlorination of carbon disulfide) to 100.0 ppmv (dervived from the chlorination of methane) (Leonardos et al., 1969). An odor threshold of 4.68 ppmv was determined by Leonardos et al. (1969). A detection odor threshold concentration of 3,700 mg/m3 (584 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). The average least detectable odor threshold concentrations in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C were 1.08 and 3.6 mg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982). Melting point (°C): -22.99 (quoted, Horvath, 1982) Boiling point (°C): 76.52 (Young and Nelson, 1932) 78.5 (Prasad et al., 2001) Density (g/cm3): 1.59420 at 20.00 °C, 1.55522 at 30.00 °C (Bjola et al., 2001) 1.5844 at 25 °C (Kirchnerová and Cave, 1976) 1.5840 at 25.00 °C (Aminabhavi and Banerjee, 1998a) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.90 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Flash point (°C): Noncombustible (Rogers and McFarlane, 1981) Heat of fusion (kcal/mol): 0.601 (Dean, 1987) Henry’s law constant (x 10-2 atm⋅m3/mol): 3.02 at 25 °C (gas stripping-GC, Warner et al., 1987) 10.2 at 37 °C (Sato and Nakajima, 1979) 3.04 at 24.8 °C (EPICS, Gossett, 1987) 2.26 at 20 °C (batch equilibrium, Roberts et al., 1985) 2.63 at 25 °C (purge and trap-GC, Tancréde and Yanagisawa, 1990) 2.78 at 25 °C (Hoff et al., 1993)
1.48, 1.91, 2.32, 2.95, and 3.78 at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively (EPICS, Ashworth et al.,
1988) 2.04, 3.37, 3.82, and 4.52 at 20, 30, 35, and 40 °C, respectively (Tse et al., 1992) 2.40 and 3.68 in distilled water and seawater at 25 °C, respectively (Hunter-Smith et al., 1983) 0.894, 0.963, 1.098, 1.946, and 2.568 at 2.0, 6.0, 10.0, 18.2, and 25.0 °C, respectively; in natural
seawater: 1.32 and 3.32 at 6.0 and 25.0 °C, respectively (EPICS, Dewulf et al., 1995) 3.27, 4.49, and 6.26 at 27.6, 35.0, and 45.0 °C, respectively (variable headspace-GC, Hansen et al.,
1993, 1995) 2.78 at 25.0 °C (mole fraction ratio-GC, Leighton and Calo, 1981) 1.42, 2.36, and 3.82 at 10, 20, and 30 °C, respectively (multiple equilibration-GC, Munz and
Roberts, 1987) 2.62 at 20.0 °C, 4.34 at 30.0 °C, 6.55 at 40.0 °C (equilibrium static cell, Wright et al., 1992) 2.15 at 30 °C (headspace-GC, Sanz et al., 1997) Interfacial tension with water (dyn/cm at 25 °C): 43.7 (Donahue and Bartell, 1952) 43.26 (Harkins et al., 1920) 45.0 (20 °C, Freitas et al., 1982) Ionization potential (eV): 11.47 ± 0.01 (Franklin et al., 1969) Bioconcentration factor, log BCF: 1.24 (rainbow trout), 1.48 (bluegill sunfish) (Veith et al., 1980) 2.48 (algae, Geyer et al., 1984) 2.68 (activated sludge, Freitag et al., 1985) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: 2.35 (Abdul et al., 1987) 2.62 (Chin et al., 1988) 2.16 (Captina silt loam), 1.69 (McLaurin sandy loam) (Walton et al., 1992) 2.10 (extracted peat, Rutherford et al., 1992) 1.78 (normal soils), 2.01 (suspended bed sediments) (Kile et al., 1995) 2.20, 2.24, 2.43, 2.25, 2.28, 2.27, and 2.62 at 2.3, 3.8, 6.2, 8.0, 13.5, 18.6, and 25.0 °C,
respectively, for a Leie River (Belgium) clay (Dewulf et al., 1999a) Hastings soil: 1.74 (Modern A), 1.89 (Buried A), 2.43 (Loess C) (Duffy et al., 1997) 1.70 (decyltrimethylammonium clay), 1.97 (tetradecyltrimethylammonium clay), 2.02 (octa-
decyltrimethylammonium clay) (Deitsch et al., 1998) 2.89 (sewage solids, Dobbs et al., 1989) Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 2.83 (Chou and Jurs, 1979) 2.73 at 23 °C (shake flask-LSC, Banerjee et al., 1980) 2.73, 2.74, and 2.73 at 25, 30, and 40 °C, respectively (GLC, Bhatia and Sandler, 1995) 2.39, 2.38, 2.50, 2.44, 2.47, and 2.38 at 2.2, 6.0, 10.0, 14.1, 18.7, and 24.8 °C, respectively (shake
flask-GC, Dewulf et al., 1999a) Solubility in organics: Miscible with ethanol, benzene, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide (U.S. EPA, 1985), petroleum ether, solvent naphtha, and volatile oils (Yoshida et al., 1983a).
