ABSTRACT
NaCl solution: 0.41 at 5 °C, 0.71 at 15 °C, 2.45 at 25 °C, 7.87 at 35 °C (gas stripping-GC, Cetin et al., 2006)
Bioconcentration factor, log BCF: 3.62-4.34 (fish tank), 6.15 (Lake Ontario) (rainbow trout, Oliver and Niimi, 1985) 3.30 (B. subtilis, Grimes and Morrison, 1975) 3.68 freshwater clam (Corbicula manilensis) (Hartley and Johnston, 1983) 4.45 (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Devillers et al., 1996) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: 5.40 (river sediments, Oliver and Charlton, 1984) 5.57 (Chin et al., 1988) 4.94, 4.83, 4.55, 4.73, and 4.48 for muck, loam, loess, clay, and sand, respectively (Erstfeld et al.,
ow 6.10 at 25 °C (shake flask-GLC, Simpson et al., 1995) Solubility in organics: Miscible with aliphatic and aromatic solvents (Windholz et al., 1983) Solubility in water: 51 µg/L at 20-25 °C (Geyer et al., 1984) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 3.60 x 10-5 at 25 °C (subcooled liquid vapor pressure calculated from GC retention time data, Hinckley et al., 1990) Environmental fate: Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986), cis-chlordane has a high potential to leach to groundwater. Photolytic. Irradiation of cis-chlordane by a 450-W high-pressure mercury lamp gave photo-cischlordane (Ivie et al., 1972). Chemical/Physical. In an alkaline medium or solvent, carrier, diluent or emulsifier having an alkaline reaction, chlorine will be released (U.S. EPA, 1985). The hydrolysis half-lives of cischlordane at pH values of 10.18 (84.0 °C) and 10.85 (65.0 °C) were 1.92 and 16.8 h, respectively (Ellington et al., 1987). Chlordane (0.009 mM) reacted with OH radicals in water (pH 3.3) at a rate of 6-170 x 108/M⋅sec (Haag and Yao, 1992). Emits toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). Symptoms of exposure: Blurred vision, confusion, ataxia, delirium, coughing, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, tremor, convulsions, anuria (NIOSH, 1997) Toxicity: EC50 (96-h) for goldfish 0.5 mg/L (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). LC50 (96-h) for rainbow trout 90 µg/L (Hartley and Kidd, 1987), bluegill sunfish 7.09 µg/L (Mayer and Ellersieck, 1986). LC50 (24-h) for bluegill sunfish 28.3 µg/L (Mayer and Ellersieck, 1986). Acute oral LD50 for rats 365-590 mg/kg (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Drinking water standard: See chlordane. Use: Insecticide.
