ABSTRACT
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In the last 40 years, membranes have developed from a research topic to a mature industrial separation technology. This increase in the use of membrane technology is driven by spectacular advances in membrane development, the wider acceptance of the technology in preference to conventional separation processes, increased environmental awareness and, most importantly, strict environmental regulations and legislation. Various membrane processes are currently applied in the chemical (including petrochemicals), pharmaceutical, and food and beverage industries. Particularly, strong development and growth of membrane technology can be observed in the purification of wastewater and the production of drinking water.
