ABSTRACT
Dielectric fluids such as liquid crystals are leaky insulators, i.e., they have low electrical conductivity and polarize in the presence of an electric field . This means that the electric field induces internal charge reorganization, or distortion such as a net electric dipole moment per unit volume
P
appears. This is the polarization with units C/m
. The sign of the polarization is defined as P > 0 if the direction is pointing from negative to positive charges.
