ABSTRACT
The largest group of chemical (not bio-!) sensors for measuring concentrations of various analytes in biomedicine are applied for in vivo or ex vivo monitoring of blood components, such as dissolved oxygen and CO2 partial pressure, pH, and concentration of ionic compounds. The oxygen saturation of blood hemoglobin is monitored by physical sensors (photosensors) using the methods of oximetry, which are different from those of dissolved blood oxygen measurements. Although the majority of sensors are applied for blood analysis, their use in monitoring secretions (e.g., gastric acid, sweat, etc.) is also becoming more and more important. Since there is no reason to have continuous monitoring of urine, the application of sensors for determining urine compound concentrations has no practical interest.
