ABSTRACT
Wireless LANs (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/e/g and HiperLAN/2), MANs (e.g., IEEE 802.16), and WANs (e.g., 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, GSM, and the proposed
IEEE 802.20) employ different radio spectrums to access to the Internet. In this manner, the IP-based network environment has become heterogeneous in terms of services, devices, and networks. This phenomenon is totally different from a pure mobile ad hoc network (MANET), where a self-configurable network capability is provided by communication among ad hoc mobile stations (MSs) without any Internet-based infrastructure support.
