ABSTRACT
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The flow behavior of fluids is crucial to virtually every aspect of the chemical process and related industries. The most common application involves the transportation of fluids through piping systems containing fittings, valves, etc., by means of a driving force such as that provided by a pump, static elevation change, or some other source of pressure. While this is indeed important, an understanding of fluid flow is the key to various other operations such as packed and fluidized beds, fluid-solid separations, safety relief systems, flow metering and control, etc. These flows may be either laminar or turbulent, and the fluids may be either incompressible Newtonian or nonNewtonian liquids, compressible gases, or complex two-phase flows involving gas-liquid, solidliquid, or solid-gas combinations. Various aspects of each of these will be considered in this chapter.
