ABSTRACT

Sound chemical information that forms the basis of many of humanity’s important decision-making processes depends on three critical properties of the measurement process, including its (1) chemical properties, (2) physical properties, and (3) statistical properties. The conditions that support sound chemical measurements are like a platform supported by three legs. Credible information can be provided only in an environment that permits a

thorough understanding

and control

of these three critical properties of a chemical measurement:

1. Chemical properties, including stoichiometry, mass balance, chemical equilibria, kinetics, etc.