ABSTRACT
Surgery Reduces Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Mechanisms by Which Surgery Reduces Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Methods by Which Nutrition Can Augment Obesity Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Antioxidants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Alkalinizing Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Amino Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Bone Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Biotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Correct Deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Comorbidities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Carnitine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Detoxification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Dehydroepiandrosterone and Sex Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. The Swedish Obese Subjects Study (SOSS) followed 1268 obese persons for 10 years after nonrandom placement into medical or surgical management. The medically-managed group experienced a net weight gain of 1.6% in 10 years. In contrast, the surgical group receiving gastric bypass surgery maintained a 25% weight reduction 10 years postsurgery, and the groups receiving vertical banded gastroplasty and banding experienced 16.5 and 13.2% weight reduction, respectively.1 Similarly, data for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force indicates that surgical interventions sustain an average 19 kg weight reduction over 10 years, in contrast to 2 and 4 kg weight reductions for behavioral and pharmacologic interventions, respectively.2
