ABSTRACT
Measurement of the electromagnetic (EM) properties of the subsurface can provide estimates of important hydrological parameters such as porosity in the saturated zone and soil moisture content in the vadose zone. Importantly, EM methods can be deployed across the ground surface and are thus a noninvasive method to sample the subsurface. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), a high-frequency EM method, acquires data quickly and at high spatial densities to provide a detailed distribution of the desired property.
