ABSTRACT
References .......................................................................................................................... 360
Currently much attention is focused on the application of atom efficient catalytic method-
ologies-heterogeneous, homogeneous, and enzymatic-in organic synthesis, both in
industry and in academe [1]. The ultimate goal is the development of green, sustainable
technologies for the manufacture of (fine) chemicals. In this context, biocatalytic methodo-
logies have many potential benefits compared with traditional organic syntheses. They
generally employ mild reaction conditions (ambient temperature and pressure at physio-
logical pH) and afford high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities. Furthermore, enzymatic
syntheses generally involve few steps by obviating the need for protection and deprotection
steps, and by avoiding the use of environmentally unattractive organic solvents. This affords
syntheses that are short, less energy intensive, and generates less waste; hence are both
environmentally and economically more attractive.
