ABSTRACT
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
II. Mechanical Alloying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
III. Mills and Relevant Milling Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
IV. Structural Changes during Mechanochemical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
V. Mechanochemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
VI. Kinetics of Mechanochemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
VII. Subsequent Heat Treatment of the Mechanochemically Synthesized Powders . . . . . . 449
VIII. Powder Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
IX. Examples of the Materials Synthesized by Mechanochemical Treatment . . . . . . . . . 452
X. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Appendix A: Glossary of terms used in mechanochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Milling is an important step in the processing of metallic and ceramic powders. Its primary usage has
been for particle size reduction/growth and change of particle shape as well as for homogenization of mixture of two or more powders which will be subsequently compacted, for example, by pressing and
sintering. However, milling may lead (and leads) to various physicochemical and chemical changes of
the material. In that respect, milling may be described as a mechanochemical treatment, the change of
reactivity as mechanical activation while reaction induced by mechanical energy as mechanochem-
ical reaction. It should be forthwith noted that the terms used to denote various processes and phenom-
ena of the powder treatment by milling still are not precisely specified, for instance different terms
may be present in literature for the same process. In Appendix A, attempt is made to give provisory
definition of the basic terms of mechanochemical treatment by milling.
