ABSTRACT
Acknowledgment................................................................................................................ 606
References .......................................................................................................................... 606
The increasing environmental consciousness of academia and industry has led to the search for
more efficient and environmentally benign products and processes [1], which, generally, can
be guided by the 12 principles of green chemistry [2]. The 12 principles are (1) prevent waste
before created, (2) be atom-economical, (3) use benign substrates, (4) make benign products,
(5) use less or benign solvent, (6) use less energy, (7) use renewables, (8) avoid protecting
groups, (9) use catalysts, (10) make things biodegradable, (11) analyze in real time, and (12) be
safe.
