ABSTRACT
Two basic operating principles of biosensors involve “biological recognition” and “sensing.” Therefore, a biosensor can be generally defined as a device that consists of two basic components connected in series: (1) a biological recognition system, often called a bioreceptor, and (2) a transducer. The basic principle of a biosensor is to detect this molecular recognition and transform it into another type of signal using a transducer. The main purpose of the recognition system is to provide the sensor with a high degree of selectivity for the analyte to be measured. The interaction of the analyte with the bioreceptor is designed to produce an effect measured by the transducer, which converts the information into a measurable effect such as an electrical signal.
