ABSTRACT
General Features of Wetlands that Contribute to Contaminant Removal ............243 Types of Treatment Wetlands ................................................................................244
Free Water Surface Wetlands .....................................................................244 Subsurface Flow Wetlands .........................................................................247 Hybrid Treatment Wetlands........................................................................248
Treatment Wetland Components ...........................................................................248 Treatment Wetland Vegetation....................................................................248 Hydroperiod and Hydraulics ......................................................................252 Treatment Wetland Soils.............................................................................253
Treatment Wetland Contaminant Removal Processes...........................................255 Physical Removal Processes.......................................................................255 Biological Removal Processes....................................................................256 Chemical Removal Processes.....................................................................257
Planning and Design..............................................................................................258 Treatment Wetlands as a Unit Process..................................................................259
