ABSTRACT
Historically, some of the earliest environmental regulations involving crude and petroleum products, such as the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and, later, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act (FOGRMA), were established to protect wildlife in private and industrial environments. Since the mid-1950s, there has been the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) to protect submerged lands adjacent to the United States; the Clean Air Act (CAA) to protect air quality; and the Clean Water Act (CWA), Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC), Oil Pollution Act (OPA), and Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) to protect water quality. There is also the Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) to manage, control, and reuse and recycle hazardous wastes; the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) to regulate handling and use of chemical substances; and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) to assure that any releases of hazardous waste to the environment are cleaned up. There is the Pipeline Safety Act (PSA) and the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPS), and other regulations under the Department of Transportation (DOT) to provide safe transportation of hazardous liquids and materials, and the Hazardous Communication Standard (HAZCOM) and Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Standard (HAZWOPER) to protect workers in industrial environments.
