ABSTRACT
The bakery industry is one of the world’s major food industries and varies widely in terms of
production scale and process. Traditionally, bakery products may be categorized as bread and
bread roll products, pastry products (e.g., pies and pasties), and specialty products (e.g., cake,
biscuits, donuts, and specialty breads). In March 2003, there were more than 7000 bakery
operations in the United States (Table 8.1) with more than 220,000 employees. More than 50%
of bakery businesses are small, having fewer than 100 employees [1].
