ABSTRACT
Environmental biotechnology concerns the science and practical knowledge relating to the
use of microorganisms and their products. Biotechnology combines fundamental knowledge
in microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology, and engineering knowledge of
the specific processes and equipment. The main applications of biotechnology in industrial
hazardous waste treatment are: prevention of environmental pollution through waste treatment,
remediation of polluted environments, and biomonitoring of environment and treatment
processes. The common biotechnological process in the treatment of hazardous waste is the
biotransformation or biodegradation of hazardous substances by microbial communities.
