ABSTRACT
The same equations are valid for p-channel transistors if the sign of current and voltages is inverted. Thus,
I
,
V
,
V
become
I
,
V
,
V
, and
V
is the threshold value of
V
.
mm
I I V V
nU
V
=
-
-
-
È
Î
Í
˘
˚
˙
exp exp1
I n C U W LS ox T= 2 / 2
m
m
V V n VT T SB= + -0 ( 1)
I I V
nU I
V n V
0( ( 1) ) =
-
=
- + - exp exp
I I V
nU
V
= -
-
È
Î
Í
˘
˚
˙0 1 .exp exp
For the following analysis, two basic assumptions will be made about the process:
1. The native threshold
V
for p-and n-channel transistors does not exceed 4
U
, even in the worst case of process and temperature variation. Practical ways of adjusting the value of
V
according to Equation (16.4) will be discussed in Section 16.8.
