ABSTRACT
The following symbols are used in this chapter. The section number in parentheses after a symbol definition refers to the section where the symbol first appears or is defined.
Shigeki Unjoh
Japan is one of the most seismically disastrous countries in the world and has often suffered significant damage from large earthquakes. More than 3000 highway bridges have suffered damage since the 1923 Kanto earthquake. The earthquake disaster prevention technology for highway bridges has been developed based on such bitter damage experiences. Various provisions for designing bridges have been developed to prevent damage due to the instability of soils such as soil liquefaction. Furthermore, design detailings including unseating prevention devices are implemented. With progress in improving seismic design provisions, damage to highway bridges caused by the earthquakes has been decreasing in recent years.
