Abbreviations

ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research ID50 inhibitory dose at which 50% of activ-

ity is inhibited IgE immunoglobulin-E igs intragastric ihl inhalation IL interleukin ims intramuscular inc incorporated IND intradermal inf infusion iNOS inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ipr intraperitoneal ith intrathecal ivn intravenous LD50 lethal dose at which 50% of experi-

mental population is killed LDlo lowest reported lethal dose lf leaf ltr long terminal repeat l liter MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor MDR multidrug resistant mg milligram MIC used differently by various sources;

minimum inhibiting concentration or mean inhibiting concentration

mky monkey ml milliliter MLC mean or minimal lethal concentration MLD used differently by various sources;

Merck meaning minimum lethal dose; some other sources meaning mean lethal dose, and some do not define it (with apologies to the reader from the compiler)

mM millimole MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid mus mouse NCI National Cancer Institute NF-κB nuclear factor-kappa B NH3 ammonia NIDDM noninsulin-dependent diabetes

mellitus NKC natural killer cell NO nitric oxide NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drug NWP Northwest Province or Pushtu (dia-

lect at border of northwestern Afghanistan)

OCD obsessive compulsive disorder ODC ornithine-decarboxylase OL Oleoresin OPC oligomeric procyanidin ORAC oxygen radical absorbance capacity orl oral OTC over the counter (or approved for sale

in Europe) oz ounce PA pyrrolizidine alkaloids PAF platelet aggregating factor par parenteral pc personal communication PEITC phenethylisothiocyanate pers. comm. personal communication PG prostaglandin pgn pigeon PKC protein kinase C PMS premenstrual syndrome pp pages ppm parts per million PSA prostate-specific antigen PTK protein tyrosine kinase rbt rabbit RSV respiratory syncytial virus RT reverse transcriptase SAC S-allylcysteine SAD seasonal affective disorder SAM S-adenosylmethionine scu subcutaneous SF Stephen Foster SGPT serum glutamic pyruvic transami-

nase

SL sesquiterpene lactones SLE systemic lupus erythematosus SN serial number (when followed by a

number)

SOD superoxide dismutase SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sup suppository TAM traditional Ayurvedic medicine tbsp tablespoon TCM traditional Chinese medicine THC tetrahydrocannabinol TNF tumor necrosis factor TPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-ace-

tate TQ Thymoquinone tsp teaspoon unk unknown uns unspecified USDA United States Department of Agri-

culture UTI urinary tract infection UV ultraviolet VD venereal disease VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor VOD veno-occlusive disease Vol volume wmn woman

WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White (syndrome) X solitary X in the title line of the herb

following the scientific name means do not take it without advice from an expert (think of it as a skull and cross-bones)

X followed by serial number PMID (PubMed ID number)

XO external use only ZMB zero moisture basis µg microgram µl microliter µM micromole