ABSTRACT
A generalized systems formulation allows scientists and engineers to develop a complete and comprehensive understanding of the nature of a problem, underlying physics, processes, and activities. In a system formulation, an image or a model of an object that emphasizes some important and critical properties is defined. System definition is usually the first step in an overall methodology formulated for achieving a set of objectives. This definition can be based on observations at different system levels that are established based on these objectives. The observations can be about the different elements (or components) of the system, interactions among these elements, and the expected behavior of the system. Each level of knowledge that is obtained about an engineering problem defines a system to represent the project or the problem. As additional levels of knowledge are added to previous ones, higher epistemological levels of system definition and description are attained which, taken together, form a hierarchy of the system descriptions.
