ABSTRACT
As all digital information is represented by binary digits, the mathematical backbone of designing a digital computer is Boolean algebra. Before learning instructions and data, it is necessary to know the different number systems, number conversions, and arithmetic operations performed by a computer. The positional notation is used to compute the decimal value of a number of any bases, and the result provides a reference point for number conversions. If the base is 16, the number system is in hexadecimal form or hex for abbreviation. The number system used in a computer is binary or base two. Because the address is in binary form, the total number of bits in an address also determines the size of memory. If the base is eight, the number is said to be in octal form. Octal digits range from 0 to 7, and there is no 8 or beyond.
