ABSTRACT
Pronotum slightly broader than the head; shape irregularly quadrate, sometimes narrowed in front; lateral margins mostly carinate, carinae sometimes incomplete from posterior angle; surface punctate to rugose; hypomeron broad; prosternum long and broad, produced posteriorly between the coxae and inserted in the mesosternal cavity or the cavity is composed of the short mesosternal lobes laterally and the metatsternum distally; procoxal cavities open behind. Metasternum mostly with the vestige of a transverse suture near the posterior coxal plates. Legs with the trochantins of the fore-and middle legs exposed; anterior coxae
small, oval, separate; middle coxae small, flat, almost quadrate, separate; hind coxae large, transverse, with thick plates; trochanters small, triangular; femora subparallel to fusiform; tibiae slender, sometimes dentate or spinose, the apical spurs moderate; tarsal formula 5-5-5, tarsi slender, some of the tarsomeres bilobed, distal tarsomeres each with ventral pulvillus; claws simple, appendiculate or bifid. Scutellum triangular to cordifrom, moderate to small. Elytra entire except in Hesperorhipis, apically rounded and often with one or more apical spines, rarely expose the pygidium; striae punctate or carinate; intervals smooth or rugose; margins, especially apical portion serrate to serrulate; epipleural fold indistinctly separate or with fine carina separating it from disc, broad basally. Wing venation with 2A with three branches; wedge cell, when present, acute apically with only one vein coming from it. Folding pattern of the wing with area A and B normally reduced to slender crumples, area C about half the length of the wing, frequently fused more or less completely with area D which is either open to the costa or reduced to a slender crumple; area H always well marked and reaching the margin for the full width, very slender and nearly longitudinal in the more typical forms; commonly with one chevron-like apical fold, but may be two, or absent; anal lobe highly variable, but never free.
