ABSTRACT
Pronotum as wide as or narrower than head; subquadrate or elongate, moderately convex, some constricted near front and hind margins; with or without distinct lateral ridges; surface of most finely punctate; pleural region large; prosternum short in front of coxae; procoxal cavities open or closed behind; mesosternum short; metasternum moderate, broad, epimera scarcely visible. Legs with trochantins some exposed; anterior coxae conical, rarely transverse, prominent in most, contiguous, or slightly separate; middle coxae rounded, not very prominent in most; hind coxae transverse; trochanters moderate, triangular; femora
variously swollen; profemur spinose in some; tibiae slender, anterior or posterior face carinate or not, apical spurs small and variable in numbers; tarsal formula 5-5-5, fourth metatarsomere minute in some (Fig. 87), tarsomeres one to three or four of most lobed beneath (Figs. 9), when not lobed tarsomeres densely setose beneath (Fig. 8); pretarsal claws simple or bifid (Fig. 28, # 2) and variously denticulated at base, most with distinct denticle (Figs. 28); mesoscutellum small, triangular; elytra entirely covering abdomen, some abbreviated apically (Fig. 40), apex of most rounded, toothed in few, or truncated; wings reduced or absent in some, venation generally as in Figure 113; folding pattern with apical folding variable in amount.
