Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Vascular Health in Hypertension and in Diabetes

Introduction .......................................................................................................196 MAPK Signaling in Vascular Remodeling.......................................................198 ERK1 and ERK2 Signaling, Effects of PPAR-

γ

, and Vascular Remodeling ..199 p38 Signaling in Vascular Remodeling ............................................................200 Role of JNK Signaling in Vascular Remodeling..............................................201 PI3K Signaling Pathway and Vascular Remodeling ........................................201 Role of Akt/PKB Signaling Pathway in Vascular Remodeling .......................202 ROS and Vascular Remodeling.........................................................................202 Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling...........................................................203 Dual PPAR Activators.......................................................................................204 Conclusion.........................................................................................................204 References .........................................................................................................205