ABSTRACT
Cellular functions including but not limiting to the production of cell-specific biomolecules, DNA replication and repair, apoptosis, and senescence are intricately and inherently orchestrated by chromosomes [1]. These functions are specified by coding messages in genes. The genetic code, however, is susceptible to alterations, predominantly irreversible mutations, which can result in diseased states at the organismal level. Epigenetic changes involve heritable alterations in gene expression without mutations in the genetic code [2]. Such an outcome is possible as chromatin, the structural component of chromosomes, can undergo changes affecting the condensation states of the chromosome, which allow for or inhibit gene expression [3] (Figure 7.1). These processes are catalyzed by reversible enzymatic modifications. The epigenetics of gene control has gained considerable support and has since been a chosen target for therapeutic intervention for several diseases, in particular cancer.
