ABSTRACT
Animal.research.in.recent.years.has.produced.many.advances.in.understanding.of. the.operation.of.gastrointestinal.(GI).controls.of.eating.and.their.interactions.with. other.mechanisms..The.most.progress.has.been.made.in.hormonal.controls.in.laboratory.mouse.and.rat.models..This.chapter.briefly.reviews.this.literature..We.emphasize. the.normal.physiological.operation.of.the.controls.because.we.believe.this.information.is.the.most.relevant.aspect.of.animal.models.for.the.development.of.selective,. therapeutically.useful.controls.of.disordered.human.eating.1.Further.information.on. this.very.active.research.area. is.available. in.several.recent.detailed.reviews.of.GI. controls.of.eating.2-7
In. animals,. one. is. limited. to. the. study. of. behavior,. although. subjective. processes,.such.as.food.hedonics,.can.be.modeled.with.appropriate.behavioral.tests..The. elemental.movements.of.eating.—.licking,.chewing,.swallowing,.and.so.forth.—.are. functionally. organized. by. the. brain. into. the. molar. functional. unit. of. eating,. the. meal..Thus,.it.seems.to.make.neurological.and.psychological.sense.to.analyze.eating. in.terms.of.the.controls.of.meal.initiation.(usually.called.hunger),.maintenance.of. eating.during.the.meal.(one.aspect.of.food.reward),.meal.termination.(satiation),.and. inhibition.of.eating.following.meals.(postprandial.satiety)..The.best.investigated.of. these.is.the.control.of.satiation.
