ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces finite elements for one-dimensional members, including rods, shafts, beams, and beam-columns. It initially presents interpolation models in physical coordinates for the sake of simplicity and brevity. But interpolation in ‘‘natural coordinates’’ is then presented to enable the use of Gaussian quadrature for integration. Use of natural coordinates to an extent reduces the sensitivity of the elements to geometric details in the physical mesh. A number of examples are given including several illustrating the use of natural coordinates.
