ABSTRACT
Emerging.contaminants.(ECs).in.the.environment-that.is,.chemicals.with.domestic,. municipal,.industrial,.or.agricultural.sources.that.are.not.commonly.monitored.but. may.have.the.potential.for.adverse.environmental.effects-is.a.rapidly.growing.field. of.research..The.use.of.“emerging”.is.not.intended.to.infer.that.the.presence.of.these. compounds.in.the.environment.is.new..These.chemicals.have.been.released.into.the. environment.as.long.as.they.have.been.in.production.or,.in.the.case.of.hormones.and. other.endogenous.compounds,.since.the.rise.of.animal.life..What.is.emerging.is.the. interest.by.the.scientific.and.lay.communities.in.the.presence.of.these.chemicals.in. the. environment,. the. analytical. capabilities. required. for.detection,. and. the. subtle. effects.that.very.small.concentrations.of.these.chemicals.appear.to.have.on.aquatic. biota..In.December.2006,.Environmental Science & Technology.devoted.an.entire. special.issue.(volume.40,.number.23).to.the.topic.of.ECs,.illustrating.the.increased. interest.in.the.subject..Within.the.ECs,.one.particular.class.that.has.seen.a.substantial.increase.in.research.over.the.past.10.years.is.pharmaceuticals.and.personal-care. products.(PPCPs)..This.increased.research.interest.can.be.demonstrated.by.several. means,.including.requests.for.proposals.from.funding.agencies,.but.the.clearest.indication.of.a.focused.effort.to.understand.the.introduction,.transformation,.and.potential.health.and.environmental.effects.of.PPCPs.and.ECs,.in.general,.is.the.number. of.published.reports..This.increase.can.be.shown.by.examining.six.environmental. journals.that.regularly.publish.PPCP-related.papers-Chemosphere, Environmental Science & Technology, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Science of the
Contents
1.1. Introduction........................................................................................................3 1.2. Overview.of.Recent.Literature..........................................................................5 1.3. Introduction.into.the.Environment.................................................................. 35 1.4. Environmental.Presence.and.Fate................................................................... 37 References................................................................................................................. 41
Total Environment, Water Research, and Water Science and Technology.. In.1998. there.were.22.papers.published.on.pharmaceuticals,.antibiotics,.or.drugs.in.these.6. journals;.by.2006,.this.number.increased.sixfold.to.132.papers.(Figure.1.1).
