ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the fundamentals of Electronics and Mechanics. It presents the example applications related to electrical and mechanical components. The chapter examines electrical components, semiconductor devices, Operational Amplifiers and their applications, and digital systems components. It describes commonly used semiconductor devices: diodes, transistors, and their derivatives. The current through the collector and emitter terminals of a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is controlled by the current through the base terminal. BJTs can be thought of as voltage-controlled current sources but are usually characterized as current amplifiers due to the low impedance at the base. The Field Effect Transistor (FET) is simpler in concept than the BJT and can be constructed from a wide range of materials. In a FET, the voltage at the gate controls the resistance between source and drain, while in the BJT, the current flowing into the base controls the resistance between the emitter and collector.
