ABSTRACT
Introduction............................................................................................................ 322 An.Integrated.HITL/HPM.Approach.to.Aviation.System.Design......................... 322
Concept.Definition........................................................................................ 323 System.Definition.......................................................................................... 325 System.Evaluation......................................................................................... 326 System.Robustness.Testing........................................................................... 327 System.Integration......................................................................................... 328
Augmentations.and.Approaches.for.Modeling.Aviation.Tasks.............................. 328 Modeling.Human-Environment.Interactions............................................... 328 Modeling.Visual.Attention............................................................................ 330 Modeling.Situation.Awareness...................................................................... 330 Modeling.Human.Error................................................................................. 331
Considerations.for.Modeling.Complex.Aviation.Tasks.......................................... 332 Selecting.a.Model.Architecture..................................................................... 332 Developing.Models.for.Aviation.Tasks......................................................... 334 Interpreting.Model.Output............................................................................ 336
Transparency.of.Modeled.Tasks.and.Procedures.................................. 336 Transparency.of.Underlying.Theory.or.Cognitive.Structures............... 337 Increasing.Model.Transparency............................................................. 338
Model.Verification,.Validation,.and.Credibility............................................ 339 Verification.and.Validation.Techniques. Used.in.the.NASA.HPM.Project............................................................ 341 Model.Credibility................................................................................... 345
Final.Words............................................................................................................346 Acknowledgments.................................................................................................. 347 References............................................................................................................... 347
The.state.of.the.art.of.human.performance.models.(HPMs).has.advanced.to.a.level. of.maturity.that.they.are.now.considered.important.tools.in.the.arsenal.of.design,. analysis,.and.evaluation.tools.used.by.aviation.safety.researchers.and.system.designers..HPMs,.used.in.conjunction.with.human-in-the-loop.(HITL).simulations,.allow. researchers.and.designers.to.evaluate.new.aviation.displays,.automation,.operations,. and. procedures. and. identify. candidate. concepts. that. are. likely. to. increase. safety. and.efficiency,.as.well.as.to.weed.out.candidate.concepts.that.have.the.potential.for. problems,.before.significant.development.costs.have.been.incurred.
