ABSTRACT
Time-to-market and cost of a product have become critical for success in the global competitive market. During the last two decades, there has been signifi cant technological progress to speed up the process and reduce the cost of product development, leading to a digital product development era. Various computer-aided tools have been practiced covering the whole product life cycle. Many computer tools are not simply computerization of manual/paper work to improve effi ciency and quality, but greatly extend engineering computation and analysis capability, or even open up a fi eld of engineering analysis. Digital human modeling (DHM) extends engineering analysis from functional mechanism analysis to human-centered analysis for compatibility, effi ciency, comfort, and safety considerations.
