ABSTRACT
The perioperative period creates many risks for the patient. Even anticipation of the procedure increases stress, can interfere with sleep, and can prompt misguided attempts to lose weight. Mobility restriction frequently promotes chronic deconditioning and loss of appetite with secondary loss of lean body mass. A homebound patient generally has limited sun exposure with an associated
This chapter provides the primary care physician with specific strategies to support patients who
The current scientific literature has made increasingly clear the interrelationship of nutrient intake
of nutrient therapies and the identification and treatment of sarcopenia and obesity. They get ques-
decline in vitamin D status. Restricting calories decreases lean body mass and creates additional risk in the form of sarcopenia, which is associated with unfavorable outcomes.7 Joint disease and subsequent surgery increases demand on the contralateral limb, thereby increasing risk of additional surgery.8 The restriction of nutrients during the NPO period prior to surgery initiates catabolism of lean tissue and dehydration. Rapid elimination of caffeine can induce severe withdrawal headaches, complicating postoperative care and pain management. Eliminating anti-inammatory medications and supplements to avoid bleeding and anesthesia complications can increase pain, immobility, and the need for additional narcotic analgesics.
