ABSTRACT
I. Introduction ................................................................................................ 168 II. Weight Management Concepts ................................................................... 168
A. Energy Balance ................................................................................... 168 1. Energy Intake and Expenditure .................................................... 168 2. Diet-Induced Thermogenesis ....................................................... 170
B. Weight Loss ......................................................................................... 172 C. Weight Gain ........................................................................................ 172 D. Weight Maintenance ........................................................................... 173
III. Dietary Macronutrient Composition ........................................................... 173 A. High Carbohydrate Diets .................................................................... 173
1. Glycemic Index of Carbohydrates ................................................ 173 B. High Protein Diets............................................................................... 175 C. Diet Foods ........................................................................................... 177
IV. Weight Management Supplements .............................................................. 177 A. Fat Blockers ......................................................................................... 177
1. Fiber.............................................................................................. 177 2. Gymnema sylvestre ...................................................................... 178 3. Chitosan ........................................................................................ 178
B. Thermogenics ...................................................................................... 178 C. Lypolytic Nutrients ............................................................................. 179
1. Betaine .......................................................................................... 179 2. Calcium Pyruvate ......................................................................... 179 3. Carnitine ....................................................................................... 181 4. Chromium .................................................................................... 181 5. Forskolin (Coleus forskholii) ........................................................ 182 6. Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA) ................................................ 182 7. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 7-Keto DHEA ................. 183 8. Garcinia cambogia (HCA)........................................................... 183 9. Phosphatidyl Choline (Lecithin) .................................................. 184
D. Psychotropic Herbs .............................................................................. 184 1. Hoodia gordonii ........................................................................... 184
E. Diuretics .............................................................................................. 184 F. Weight Gain and Muscle Mass ........................................................... 185
It is commonly believed that a calorie is a calorie. Consequently, many believe that weight management is simply a problem of balancing caloric intake with energy expenditure. However, this is not always the case. Weight management involves a proper mix of dietary influences and exercise regimens. Many individuals who work out are trying to gain muscle weight to improve their physique, increase strength, enhance performance, or slow the aging process. While gaining weight is too easy for many of us, some athletes have difficulty gaining weight or maintaining it throughout a competitive season. Additionally, it is much harder to gain the right type of weight (i.e., muscle). Also, many athletes and recreationalists would like to lose fat weight safely and healthily. This leads many athletes to consume too many or too few calories based on their needs. Thus, weight management includes an understanding of key concepts, macronutrient composition, and nutritional supplements.
