ABSTRACT
Earlier, in Chapter 6, various HRA methods were discussed. Among them was the holistic decision tree (HDT) method. This method has been used in a number of applications, but one of the most interesting was its application to space applications. It was used to improve on a prior application of an HRA method in the International Space Station (ISS) PRA. The majority of HRA applications have been in the nuclear power plant (NPP) business for obvious reasons. The concept of using PRA started with the nuclear industry because of the perceived risk of a large number of deaths in the case of a large accident. It was determined that human error could be a significant component of that risk; therefore, attention was paid to trying to quantify the risk of human error. The development of HRA methods and techniques is discussed in Chapter 6. There is a convention in the HRA field to discriminate between the older and newer HRA methods. The early methods were grouped under the title of first-generation methods and the later methods under the title second-generation methods. THERP (Swain and Guttman) would have been designated a first-generation method.
